通过AutoEncoder实现时序数据异常检测¶

# 导入 paddle
import paddle
import paddle.nn.functional as F

print(paddle.__version__)

2.3.0

# 导入其他模块
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

import warnings

warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")

class AutoEncoder(paddle.nn.Layer):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.conv0 = paddle.nn.Conv1D(
            in_channels=1, out_channels=32, kernel_size=7, stride=2
        )
        self.conv1 = paddle.nn.Conv1D(
            in_channels=32, out_channels=16, kernel_size=7, stride=2
        )
        self.convT0 = paddle.nn.Conv1DTranspose(
            in_channels=16, out_channels=32, kernel_size=7, stride=2
        )
        self.convT1 = paddle.nn.Conv1DTranspose(
            in_channels=32, out_channels=1, kernel_size=7, stride=2
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv0(x)
        x = F.relu(x)
        x = F.dropout(x, 0.2)
        x = self.conv1(x)
        x = F.relu(x)
        x = self.convT0(x)
        x = F.relu(x)
        x = F.dropout(x, 0.2)
        x = self.convT1(x)
        return x

import tqdm

# 参数设置
epoch_num = 200
batch_size = 128
learning_rate = 0.001


def train():
    print("训练开始")
    # 实例化模型
    model = AutoEncoder()
    # 将模型转换为训练模式
    model.train()
    # 设置优化器，学习率，并且把模型参数给优化器
    opt = paddle.optimizer.Adam(
        learning_rate=learning_rate, parameters=model.parameters()
    )
    # 设置损失函数
    mse_loss = paddle.nn.MSELoss()
    # 设置数据读取器
    data_reader = paddle.io.DataLoader(
        train_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True, drop_last=True
    )
    history_loss = []
    iter_epoch = []
    for epoch in tqdm.tqdm(range(epoch_num)):
        for batch_id, data in enumerate(data_reader()):
            x = data[0]
            y = data[1]
            out = model(x)
            avg_loss = mse_loss(
                out, (y[:, :, :-1])
            )  # 输入的数据经过卷积会丢掉最后一个数据
            avg_loss.backward()
            opt.step()
            opt.clear_grad()
        iter_epoch.append(epoch)
        history_loss.append(avg_loss.numpy()[0])
    # 绘制loss
    plt.plot(iter_epoch, history_loss, label="loss")
    plt.legend()
    plt.xlabel("iters")
    plt.ylabel("Loss")
    plt.show()
    # 保存模型参数
    paddle.save(model.state_dict(), "model")


train()

训练开始


W0509 17:41:12.287537   280 gpu_context.cc:278] Please NOTE: device: 0, GPU Compute Capability: 7.0, Driver API Version: 11.2, Runtime API Version: 10.1
W0509 17:41:12.292202   280 gpu_context.cc:306] device: 0, cuDNN Version: 7.6.
100%|██████████| 200/200 [00:57<00:00,  3.48it/s]

# 计算阀值

param_dict = paddle.load("model")  # 读取保存的参数
model = AutoEncoder()
model.load_dict(param_dict)  # 加载参数
model.eval()  # 预测
total_loss = []
datas = []
# 预测所有正常时序
mse_loss = paddle.nn.loss.MSELoss()
# 这里设置batch_size为1，单独求得每个数据的loss
data_reader = paddle.io.DataLoader(
    train_dataset,
    places=[paddle.CPUPlace()],
    batch_size=1,
    shuffle=False,
    drop_last=False,
    num_workers=0,
)
for batch_id, data in enumerate(data_reader()):
    x = data[0]
    y = data[1]
    out = model(x)
    avg_loss = mse_loss(out, (y[:, :, :-1]))
    total_loss.append(avg_loss.numpy()[0])
    datas.append(batch_id)

plt.bar(datas, total_loss)
plt.ylabel("reconstruction loss")
plt.xlabel("data samples")
plt.show()

# 获取重建loss的阀值
threshold = np.max(total_loss)
print("阀值:", threshold)

阀值: 0.03036162

import sys

param_dict = paddle.load("model")  # 读取保存的参数
model = AutoEncoder()
model.load_dict(param_dict)  # 加载参数
model.eval()  # 预测
data_reader = paddle.io.DataLoader(
    train_dataset,
    places=[paddle.CPUPlace()],
    batch_size=128,
    shuffle=False,
    drop_last=False,
    num_workers=0,
)
for batch_id, data in enumerate(data_reader()):
    x = data[0]
    out = model(x)
    step = np.arange(287)
    plt.plot(step, x[0, 0, :-1].numpy())
    plt.plot(step, out[0, 0].numpy())
    plt.show()
    sys.exit

df_test_value = (df_daily_jumpsup - training_mean) / training_std
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
df_test_value.plot(legend=False, ax=ax)
plt.show()
# 这是测试集里面的异常数据，可以看到第11~~12天发生了异常

# 探测异常数据
threshold = 0.033  # 阀值设定，即刚才求得的值
param_dict = paddle.load("model")  # 读取保存的参数
model = AutoEncoder()
model.load_dict(param_dict)  # 加载参数
model.eval()  # 预测
mse_loss = paddle.nn.loss.MSELoss()


def create_sequences(values, time_steps=288):
    """
    探测数据预处理
    """
    output = []
    for i in range(len(values) - time_steps):
        output.append(values[i : (i + time_steps)])
    return np.stack(output)


x_test = create_sequences(df_test_value.values)
x = paddle.to_tensor(x_test).astype("float32")

abnormal_index = []  # 记录检测到异常时数据的索引

for i in range(len(x_test)):
    input_x = paddle.reshape(x[i], (1, 1, 288))
    out = model(input_x)
    loss = mse_loss(input_x[:, :, :-1], out)
    if loss.numpy()[0] > threshold:
        # 开始检测到异常时序列末端靠近异常点，所以要加上序列长度，得到真实索引位置
        abnormal_index.append(i + 288)

# 不再检测异常时序列的前端靠近异常点，所以要减去索引长度得到异常点真实索引，为了结果明显，给异常位置加宽40单位
abnormal_index = abnormal_index[: (-288 + 40)]
print(len(abnormal_index))
print(abnormal_index)

147
[507, 2990, 2991, 2992, 2993, 2994, 2995, 2996, 2997, 2998, 2999, 3000, 3001, 3002, 3003, 3004, 3005, 3006, 3007, 3008, 3009, 3010, 3011, 3012, 3013, 3014, 3015, 3016, 3017, 3018, 3019, 3020, 3021, 3022, 3023, 3024, 3025, 3026, 3027, 3028, 3029, 3030, 3031, 3032, 3033, 3034, 3035, 3036, 3037, 3038, 3039, 3040, 3041, 3042, 3043, 3044, 3045, 3046, 3047, 3048, 3049, 3050, 3051, 3052, 3053, 3054, 3055, 3056, 3057, 3058, 3059, 3060, 3061, 3062, 3063, 3064, 3065, 3066, 3067, 3068, 3069, 3070, 3071, 3072, 3073, 3074, 3075, 3076, 3077, 3078, 3079, 3080, 3081, 3082, 3083, 3084, 3085, 3086, 3087, 3088, 3089, 3090, 3091, 3092, 3093, 3094, 3095, 3096, 3097, 3098, 3099, 3100, 3101, 3102, 3103, 3104, 3105, 3106, 3107, 3108, 3109, 3110, 3111, 3112, 3113, 3114, 3115, 3116, 3117, 3118, 3119, 3120, 3121, 3122, 3123, 3124, 3125, 3126, 3127, 3128, 3129, 3130, 3131, 3132, 3133, 3134, 3135]

# 异常检测结果可视化
df_subset = df_daily_jumpsup.iloc[abnormal_index]
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
df_daily_jumpsup.plot(legend=False, ax=ax)
df_subset.plot(legend=False, ax=ax, color="r")
plt.show()